Hatupangwingwi: The story how Kenyans fought back against intrusive digital identity systems
Mustafa Mahmoud Yousif
39th Chaos Communication Congress (39C3): Power Cycles · Day 2 · Saal Ground
Mustafa Mahmoud Yousif's talk, "Hatupangwingwi: The story how Kenyans fought back against intrusive digital identity systems," delivered at 39C3, chronicles a decade-long struggle by Kenyan civil society and communities against successive government attempts to implement centralized digital identity systems. The presentation details the evolution from a colonial-era identity card (`kipande`) to the controversial **Huduma Number** and its successor, **Maisha Namba**, highlighting the profound implications of digital identity on human rights, privacy, and social inclusion.